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Abaca
A bast fiber shrub which mostly grows in Western Japan and other Far Eastern countries. The fibers are of uniform thickness with blunt ends. They are very flexible and elastic, and the resulting sheets have a softness to the touch and subtle shimmering surface. Difficult to harvest and process for papermaking, mitsumata is no longer commonly used.
Mould
A wooden frame fit with a laid or woven screen. With the removable deckle, it is used to form the wet pullp into a sheet of paper.
Mouldmade
Paper made with a cylinder-mould machine invented in the 19th century to speed up the hand papermaking process, yet to produce sheets with "handmade" qualities. The initial preparation of the pulp is similar to the handmade process, although pulpers and refiners are used instead of a beater. The cylinder machines, which take the place of the vatman, coucher, and layer, are covered with a metal screen that work at a low speed. The pulp adheres to the screen and as the cylinder revolves, a layer of wet fibers is placed onto a wet felt and through press rolls, which squeeze out the water. It is then dried against steam heated metal cylinders. Watermarks can be accurately carried by the screen and two deckled edges can be produced using this machine.
Neutral pH
Neutral pH
The balance between acid and alkaline components. 7.0 is considered absolute neutral on a 14 point scale, where 0.0 is the most acidic and 13 is the most alkaline. The numbers below 7.0 contain more acid; above are more alkaline. Neutral pH then, refers to materials that are between the range of 6.5 - 8.5. Papers may acquire acidity by frequent handling or improper storage. Often, papers are buffered to reach correct pH and help maintain that range.
Rice Paper
Rice Paper
A common misnomer used to mean Oriental paper, the term probably comes from a misunderstanding by Westerners of the similarities between the vast amounts of water used in both the manufacturing of paper and the cultivation of rice in the rice paddies. There are no papers made of rice, as the plant's short fibers would produce sheets of poor quality - atlthough rice starch was used as a sizing in some papermaking tradition.
Rough
The natural grainy surface of paper formed by the texture of the felts and/or dried without re-pressing.
Sizing
Rough
The natural grainy surface of paper formed by the texture of the felts and/or dried without re-pressing.
Sizing
A solution of starch, gelatine, animal glue or synthetic materials added to the paper to make it more resistant to moisture and to control the level of absorption.
Internal Sizing
The solution is added to the wet pulp before forming the sheet. The most common internal sizing is rosin, from the resinous gums of pine trees, which is added to alum (aluminum sulphate). The alum helps the rosin adhere to the paper fibers and keeps it from dissolving in water. It also gives the paper a harder surface.
Tub Sizing
Internal Sizing
The solution is added to the wet pulp before forming the sheet. The most common internal sizing is rosin, from the resinous gums of pine trees, which is added to alum (aluminum sulphate). The alum helps the rosin adhere to the paper fibers and keeps it from dissolving in water. It also gives the paper a harder surface.
Tub Sizing
Papers are passed through a vat of solution, usually of gelatine, after their manufacture to increase resistance to moisture.
Su
The removable, flexible surface of a Japanese papermaking mould. It is usually made of bamboo strips, woven together with silk cords.
Sulphite Pulp
Chemical wood pulp obtained by cutting wood into small pieces and cooking it with calcium bisulphate or sodium sulphite to remove natural resins and break down the cellulose fibers, making them more suitable for papermaking. A process developed during the Industrial Revolution to speed the preparation of the pulp, sulphite pulp can contain acids that, if not neutralized, can continue to affect the fibers and cause discoloration and deterioration. However, most sulphite pulps today are neutralized and buffered and can produce high quality papers with excellent aging properties.
Vellum
A confusing term that has several meanings, vellum is actually animal skin that has been prepared on both sides and has an even, fine texture. Today, the term can also refer to papers that have a fine textured surface or a translucent material that resembles the thinner forms of animal skin once used for illumination, pounding gold leaf and tracing.
Waterleaf
Su
The removable, flexible surface of a Japanese papermaking mould. It is usually made of bamboo strips, woven together with silk cords.
Sulphite Pulp
Chemical wood pulp obtained by cutting wood into small pieces and cooking it with calcium bisulphate or sodium sulphite to remove natural resins and break down the cellulose fibers, making them more suitable for papermaking. A process developed during the Industrial Revolution to speed the preparation of the pulp, sulphite pulp can contain acids that, if not neutralized, can continue to affect the fibers and cause discoloration and deterioration. However, most sulphite pulps today are neutralized and buffered and can produce high quality papers with excellent aging properties.
Vellum
A confusing term that has several meanings, vellum is actually animal skin that has been prepared on both sides and has an even, fine texture. Today, the term can also refer to papers that have a fine textured surface or a translucent material that resembles the thinner forms of animal skin once used for illumination, pounding gold leaf and tracing.
Waterleaf
A paper containing no sizing.
Watermark
Watermark
A design or lettering that can be seen when the paper is held up to the light that may indicate its name, date, or identity. It is usually produced by carefully forming the wires of the laid or wove screen to vary the fiber density during the papermaking process. Photographic techniques have also been used to produce watermarks.
Wove
The mould screen made by weaving together wires in both directions and similar in appearance to woven fabric. Woven papers were first introduced by the Whatman Mill and are without any significant directional pattern on their surface.
Faltam termos? Claro, muitos....caso vc tenha algum que possa constar aqui, por favor, coloque um comentário que encaixo no glossário. Por favor, cite a fonte, se for o caso, e tenha em mente que vai ficar disponível para todos.
Wove
The mould screen made by weaving together wires in both directions and similar in appearance to woven fabric. Woven papers were first introduced by the Whatman Mill and are without any significant directional pattern on their surface.
Faltam termos? Claro, muitos....caso vc tenha algum que possa constar aqui, por favor, coloque um comentário que encaixo no glossário. Por favor, cite a fonte, se for o caso, e tenha em mente que vai ficar disponível para todos.